
^^^^'l'^^^ 




/Irmual PpQduct, 4E,DDD,DDD Pounds, 





We will send you a list of our Agents all over the coun-j 
try, so you may know where to get our 

RED TIH TAG TWIHE, | 

in case the nearest dealer to you does not have it, and will^ 
not get it for you. Do not let dealers persuade you that other- 
Tmne is as good, but insist upon having "RED TIN TAG"! 
TWINE if you want the best, and therefore cheapest article, i 



"EeB WlM Wk^ W'WliWE.'' 



SELF-BINDING HARVESTERS, 



AND HOW IT IS MADE AT THE WORKS OF 



L. Watbrbury & Co. 

DEC 27 !rP4 
Office, 139 Front St., New York City. 



^ 



A^^'^ 




Press of Mcllroy & Emmet, 
36 Cortlandt Street, N. Y. 



5' 



1 



M 



y 



ANNUAL PRODUCT, 
46,000,000 

POUNDS. 



DESCRIPTION. 

We will give you an idea of what our Twine is made of, and how it is 
made. 

Nearly all the Twine used on self-binding harvesting machines, in this 
country, is made of Manila and Sisal Hemp mixed, in equal proportions, it 
having been found that these fibres were far superior to either Russian or 
American Hemp, or Jute ; the Russian or American Hemp rotting very easily 
when wet, and also being subject to the attack of grasshoppers. Jute Hemp 
is entirely too weak. 

Manila Hemp is grown on Luzon, one of the Philippine Islands, which is 
a colonial possession of Spain, and is exported from the port of Manila ; hence 
its name. It grows in groves on the uplands, and as you may see by the 
engraving is very similar to the Banana, but bears no fruit. It is cut down by 
the natives close to the ground, and the leaves peeled off down to the bottom 
of the stalk. It is then scraped by a knife, on a wooden block (as is also 
shown in the engraving), and after having been cleaned in this way it is hung 
up to dry, and then packed in bales weighing about 275 pounds each. These 




As.nlU PLul- v/iH2 (V>l^j pre[3^rin^ \\ 



bales are covered with grass mats, bound tightly by rattans, and shipped to 
this country, for the most part in sailing vessels, the voyage taking about four 
months. This Manila fibre is probably the strongest and best fibre in the 
world. It runs from four to eighteen feet in length, and will stand moisture 
for a long while without rotting, the fibre being covered with a silicate, which 
makes it impervious to water. 

Sisal Hemp is a white fibre, closely resembling Manila, and is found in 
Yucatan, a province of the Mexican Confederation. The plant from which it 
is obtained is very much like the Century plant, or Agave, the fibre being 
obtained from the leaves. These do not run over four feet in length, and the 
fibres are much stiffer and coarser than Manila, and only about three-quarters 
as strong. It is, however, very plentiful and more easily obtained, and there- 
fore cheaper. It is used with Manila in making Harvester Twine to bring 
down the cost, it being found sufficiently strong for that purpose, when mixed 
in equal proportions. The use of Sisal Hemp is increasing rapidly in this 
country, and bids fair, in a few years, to surpass that of Manila. It has been a 
great boon to the country, for without it, Manila Hemp would be now so dear 
as to a great extent prohibit its use. 




keic.f pf^F^r^^cyl k/ Enjiu 



We will now give you a short description of the processes of working these 
fibres into yarn for Rope and Twine. 

After the bales are opened, the fibres are straightened out and sprinkled 
slightly with oil. They are then carried in elevators to the top stories of the 
different buildings, and there the fibres are *' scutched " by large revolving 
cylinders covered with sharp steel pins or knives, in order to remove the dirt and 
tow. They are then passed on to the " breaker," which is a large frame about 
twenty feet long, consisting of two endless chains, covered with long steel pins. 
The first chain runs slowly and feeds the fibres to the second, which runs 
much faster, the effect being to comb or straighten out the fibres, and draw 
them into a continuous ''sliver" or ribbon. This process is then repeated over 
numerous " drawing-frames," — similar to the " breaker," but smaller and having 
finer pins, as the process approaches completion — a number of " slivers " being 
put together and drawn down to one '' sliver" again at the end of each machine. 
This "drawing" is repeated a number of times, in order to make the "sliver" 
even, without which it would be impossible to spin fine yarns. After it has 
been sufficiently "drawn," the "sliver" is run through tubes or "gutters" to ; 
the floor below, where it is spun on "jennies " or spinning machines into yarn. 



The principal building in which our Harvester Twine is made is about 
200 feet long, by 75 in width and 4 stories high, and is only one of many of 
the same proportions, in which we make our Rope and other products. The 
top floor, in which is placed the preparatory machinery exhibited in the engrav- 
ing, is one continuous room, some 200 by 75 feet, not separated by partitions, 
but having two rows of iron columns running through the centre, which tend 
to steady the building and prevent the shaking caused by the great mass of 
machinery constantly in motion. When you consider that from seventeen to 
twenty tons of fibre are run thrpugh these machines daily, you can imagine at 
what speed they must go, and how many hands it takes to manipulate it, in 
order that twenty tons should be drawn down to a "sliver" fit for Harvester 
Twine. 

The jenny-room is situated immediately under the preparation room, and 
is of the same size. In it are some 214 large spindles, each spindle going at 
the rate of 1500 revolutions a minute, and on these spindles is spun a part 
of our enormous production of Harvester Twine. These spindles have to spin 
daily into fine yarn, running over 600 feet to the pound, the twenty tons of 
''sliver" that is brought down to them by elevators from the preparation room 



above. The engravings of the two rooms just described will give you some 
idea of the construction of the respective machines. 

After being spun, the yarn, which is now on bobbins, is carried to the bal- 
ling machines, which wind it into balls of the proper size to fit the boxes of 
the harvester machines. Each ball has then attached to its proper end a RED 
TIN TAG, which shows the user of it the right end to pass through the 
knotter. These balls are then packed in bags, each bag containing twelve 
balls and weighing some seventy pounds. By referring to the- engraving you 
will see the manner of packing, and appearance of the bales when ready for 
shipment. It is important that in this balling process the balls should be com- 
pact, otherwise the Twine will not arrive at its destination in good shape, and 
is more apt to kink. We make hundreds of tests every day to see that the 
Twine is of sufficient strength and length per pound, and consequently claim 
that our Twine is the best for the farmer to use. 

In rope-making the yarns are prepared in much the same way, but are 
spun larger, and the bobbins of yarn are then placed in small cars on a railway 
and carried into the different rope-making departments. 



^ 




The small Rope (below two inches in circumference) is made in one large 
room about 150 by 100 feet, filled with laying machines, a representation of 
which can be seen in the engraving. We have some 75 of these small 
machines, each one turning out ten coils of Rope of different sizes daily. 
These machines run so perfectly and need so little attention, that one man is 
able to attend three of them. They are all of American invention, many im- 
provements having been added by us, and are far ahead of any machines of the 
kind made in any part of the world. 

Our large Rope — over two inches in circumference — is made in the *' Rope 
Walk." For this process, it is necessary to re wind the yarn on to large bobbins, 
which are put in a frame at the lower end of the '' walk," and the yarns are 
then run through holes in a steel plate, into a tube of the proper size, to form 
a strand of the rope required. These yarns, after being run through the tubes, 
are fastened on a hook of the '' forming machine," which runs on a railroad, 
(of which we have eight, each one being considerably over a quarter of a mile 
in length) the entire extent of the ** walk," and is propelled by an endless 
.band driven by steam power. When a number of strands have been fastened 
!on the different hooks of the machine, the machine is started, the hooks revol- 



ving at the same time ; the strands are thus drawn through the tubes to the 
upper end of the '' walk." To lay these strands into a Rope, two machines are 
used (one at either end of the " walk,") which twist three or more of these 
strands together. The Rope is then coiled on a revolving reel, and after being 
banded is ready for the market. 

For making Tarred Rope, the same machines are employed, except in thd 
first place, the yarns are run through a tank of heated tar. 

Having profited by all the improvements thus far invented in Rope-making, 
and having invented many ourselves, we claim that our product is not only 
equal, but superior to that of any other manufacturer in the world. 

At the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, we were awarded the only 
premium for Manila Rope, although there were many competitors. We had 
on exhibition at that time a colossal cable, which was 37^ inches in circum- 
ference ; this cable is probably the largest ever made, and was especially men- 
tioned in the report of the Judges. 

In addition to Harvester Twine and Rope, we are large manufacturers of 




Inl^n^r of hb^ RoF.e-v&, 



Manila Paper and Bagging for baling Cotton. We do not think it here neces- 
sary to give a description of how these articles are made, as it would probably 
not interest you, but give an engraving of our " engine beating " room for pre- 
paring paper pulp, and one of our paper machine room, which will give you 
some idea of the processes. 

Our Bagging for baling Cotton is made entirely of Jute, which is an East 
India product. We are also the largest manufacturers of this article in the 
world, making enough to cover one quarter of the entire Cotton Crop of the 
United States, 

We mark our first quality goods in the following way . 

Our small Rope will have a red yarn run through the centre of it, and our 
large Rope through the centre of one of the strands. Our Bagging has a 
number of different brands. Our Harvester Twine is to be known as standard 
^^RED TIN TAG TWINE;" this is our trade mark and copyrighted, and 
we intend to rigorously prosecute any one infringing it. We enclose one of 
the tin tags with which our Twine will be labelled, that you may become 
familiar with it and thus avoid counterfeits. 



, The Rope made by us is used for innumerable purposes ; but Harvester 

Twine is for the most part used for binding Wheat, Oats, and other small 
'grains. 

The Wheat harvest begins in Texas about the ist of May, and ends in 
Dakota about the 1st of September. Four-fifths of all the Wheat in the 
United States is cut by machine, and when these machines all become self- 
binding, you can begin to estimate the immense amount of Twine that will be 
necessary to supply them annually. In the season just past, there were con- 
sumed about 17,000 tons of Mixed Manila and Sisal Harvester Twine. 

We claim for our Twine that it is more uniform, smoother, freer from 
bunches, and stronger on the average, than that made by any other maker ; our 
balls of Twine are also packed very solidly, and will, therefore, carry much 
better, and pull out from the hopper easily, and not tangle. Moreover, the 
hopper, on account of the compactness of the balls, will carry more Twine than 
if the bc'lls were wound loosely. We claim all these good qualities for our 
standard '' Red Tin Tag Twine," and trust that you will prove them by trying 
them in the field next season. 



Do not be influenced by the interested arguments of the manufacturers of 
harvester machines and their agents, who are anxious to keep the Twine busi- 
ness in their own hands, and stand between the maker of the Twine and the 
dealer, thus obliging the farmer to pay an extra profit. After the information 
we have given you in this pamphlet, we trust that all farmers will be able to 
use their own judgment about the quality of the Twine that is offered them. 

Our long experience and our unvaried success during the last half century, 
will be guarantee enough that our representations are correct. 

You can see by the engraving of our factory on the last page, that it 
covers an immense amount of ground, and when you consider that the Rope 
Walk itself (which is the building in the back-ground) is about 1 700 feet in 
length, you can judge how enormous in the aggregate the other buildings 
are. Our grounds consist of about fifteen acres, mostly covered by buildings, 
and our annual product amounts to 46,000^000 pounds, and is continually 
increasing. 

The last engraving is one of our big compound engine of 1000 horse 



power, which runs our Harvester Twine and Paper Mills. It is probably the 
largest stationary factory engine in the country. The large cylinder is 4 feet 
long by 4 feet 8 inches in diameter, and the small one is 4 feet long, by 2 feet 
6 inches in diameter. The fly wheel is 20 feet in diameter, and 6 feet face, 
and runs 55 revolutions per minute. It is supplied with steam by eight 
enormous tubular boilers of 150 horse power each, which consume fifteen tons 
of coal a day. We have another very large engine of some 750 horse power, 
and of which we have not given an engraving, but which was the largest 
factory engine in use, until the one was made which we have just described. 
It was, moreover, specially noted for having the largest leather belt that has 
ever been put on an engine, and which was exhibited at the Paris Exposition. 
We have also several other engines of smaller capacity; our total power aggre- 
gating some 3500 horse. 

The buildings are lighted by electricity, furnished by two dynamo 
machines, aggregating 40,000 candle power; and over 2000 hands are 
employed in all departments. 



Buy RED TIN TAG Harvester Twine. Smoother, stronger, 
more even, and freer from bunches than any other Twine. 
These are the quahties wanted by every farmer, because 
they prevent delay and vexation in the field. A poor Twine 
breaks and catches in the knotter continually. RED TIN 
TAG Tmne is worth at least 10 per cent more than ordinary 
Twine. 




WORKS OP 
L.WATERBURYS CO, 



